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27 00 N, 30 00 E |
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Africa (northern hemisphere) |
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997,738 Km² |
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Egypt (Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah)
Arab Republic of Egypt
Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a Middle Eastern country located in North Africa. While the country is geographically situated in Africa, the Sinai Peninsula, east of the Suez Canal, is a land bridge to Asia.
Egypt borders Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and Israel and the Gaza Strip to the northeast; on the north and the east are the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, respectively. It is the one of the most populated countries in the world. The vast majority of the population lives near the banks of the Nile River, where the only arable agricultural land is found. Large areas of land are part of the Sahara Desert and are sparsely inhabited. About half of the Egyptian people today are urban, living in Cairo, the largest city in Africa.
Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world's most ancient and important monuments, including the Giza Pyramids and the Great Sphinx of Giza... Today, Egypt is widely regarded as the main political and cultural centre of the Arab and Middle Eastern regions.
The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world's great civilizations. The last native dynasty, known as the Thirtieth Dynasty, fell to the Persians in 343 BC who dug the predecessor of the Suez Canal and connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. Later, Egypt fell to the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Persians again. It was the Muslim Arabs who introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the seventh century to the Egyptians, who gradually adopted both.
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